PREVALENCE OF ANAPLASMOSIS IN SMALL RUMINANTS IN SOME SELECTED LIVESTOCK FARMS IN WUKARI METROPOLIS TARABA STATE NIGERIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33003/jaat.2023.0903.08Keywords:
Giemsa;, Anaplasmosis, Prevalence;, Small ruminants, TarabaAbstract
Anaplasmosis is a tick-borne haemo-parasitic disease that causes huge economic loss in small ruminant flocks. The pathogen, Anaplasma Spp destroys red blood cells resulting in anaemia. The study was aimed at determining the prevalence of Anaplasmosis in Goats and Sheep in Wukari metropolis, Taraba State, Nigeria and to determine the prevalence based on age and sex. A total of 100 small ruminants (n =50 sheep, n =50 goats) were randomly sampled. 5mls of blood were collected via jugular vein puncture stained with Giemsa, and examined under a microscope for the pathogen. An overall prevalence of 21% was obtained; goats had a prevalence of 32% while sheep had 10%. Based on age, the prevalence was observed higher in adults (>2yrs) than the young ones (≤ 2yrs), while prevalence based on sex was higher in females than in the males. Prevalence among the female animals was observed higher in pregnant ones in both goats and sheep and therefore, special veterinary and management care should be given to tick infested pregnant animals because of their prone to the disease due to their suppressed immunity during pregnancy. Also, adult animals that have gone through many ticks’ seasons with heavy tick infestation should also be given special veterinary and management attention. Veterinary care through prevention and control of ticks by chemical method either by fumigation of the animal farms with acaricides or regular treatment of tick infested animals with acaricides by direct application on the animal host is recommended. Also, management changes such as clearing bushes, keeping pastures mowed and avoiding tick habitats during the season of greatest tick activity may be helpful and therefore recommended. This will reduce the prevalence of the disease with the resultant effect of reduced economic loss.
References
Adamu, B.S and Balarabe L.M (2012).Prevalence of Haemoparasites of Sheep and Goats
slaughtered in Bauchi Abattoir. International Journal of Applied Biological Resources,
(1):128-133
Ademola, I.O and Onyiche T.E (2013).Haemoparasites and Haematological Parameters of Slaughtered Ruminants and Pigs at Bodija Abattoir, Ibadan, Nigeria. African Journal of Biomedical Research, 16(2):101-105
Akerejola, O.C, Schillhorn Van Veen W.I. and Njoku O.C (1979). Ovine and Caprine Diseases in Nigeria: A Review of Economic Losses. Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa, 27(2):65-70
Alayande M.O, Mayaki A.M, Mamuda M, and Talabi A.O (2016): Incidence of Anaplasmosis in Sheep slaughtered in Sokoto Abattoir, Northwestern Nigeria. African Journal of Livestock Extension,15 (1)1-5
Anyanwu, N.C.J, Iheanacho, C.N and Adogo, L.Y (2016). Parasitological screening of Haemo-Parasite of Small Ruminants in Karu Local Government Area of Nassarawa State, Nigeria. British Microbiology Research Journal, 11(6):1-8
Arankumar, S (2014).A Report on the Incidence of Anaplasmaovis infection in Sheep International Journal of Food Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, 4(1):71-78
Bekele, J, Tariku M and Achebe R (2011): External Parasites Infestations in Small Ruminants in Wolmera District of Oramia Region Central Ethiopia. Journal Animal Veterinary Advance, 10(4):518-523
Bell-Sakyi, L, Koney E.B, Dogbey M.O and Walker A.R (2004): Incidence and Prevalence of Tick Borne Haemoparasites in Domestic Ruminants in Ghana. Veterinary Parasitology, 12(4):25-7
Chochlakis, D, Ioannou I, Sharif L, Kokkini S, Hristophi N, Dimitriou T, Tselentis Y and Psaroulaki A. (2009). Prevalence of Anaplasmaspp in Goats and Sheep in Cyprus. Vector Borne Zoonotic Diseases, 9(5):457–63
Da Silva N.B, Taus, N.S, Johnson,W.C, Mira, A, and Schnittger, L. (2018).First Report of Anaplasma marginale infection in goats, Brazil. PLOS ONE, 13(8):20-24
De la Fuente, J, Atkinson M.W, Hogg J.T, miller DS, Naranjo V, Almazan C, Anderson N, and Kocan, K.M (2006). Genetic Characterization of Anaplasmaovis strains from bighorn Sheep in Montana. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 42(2):381-385
Fakoya, E.O and Oloruntoba, A (2009). Socio-Economic Determinants of Small Ruminants Production Amongst Farmers in Osun State, Nigeria. Journal of Humanities, Social sciences and creative Arts, 4(1):90-100
Githigia, S.M, Thamsborg S.M, Mumya,W.K and Maingi N (2011):Impact of Gastrointestinal Helminthes on production in Goats in Kenya. Small Ruminant Research, 4(2):21-29
Houwen, B.B (2002).Blood Film Preparation and staining procedures. Clinics in LaboratoryMedicine,22(1):1-14
Igwenagu, B.K, Onyiche E, Abdullahi E.T, Maina U.F, Jatau M.M, Monguno, S.H and Kayeri M.B. (2018). Prevalence of Anaplasmaovis and its Haemotology of apparently healthy sahel goats in Maiduguri, Nigeria: A preliminary study. Savannah Journal of Veterinary Science, 2(1):53-57
Jain, NC (1986). Schalm’s Veterinary Haematology, 4th edition. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, USA, Pp. 140-175.
Kagira, J.M and Kanyari, P.W.N (2010). Questionnair survey on urban and peri-urban livestock farming practices and diseases control in Kisumu municipality,Kenya. Journal of South African Veterinary Association,81(2):82-6
Mourad, B.S, Hanene B, Maroua K, MahaBousrih M and Daaloul-jedidi L.M (2015).First Molecular Survey of Anaplasmabovis in Small Ruminants from Tunisia. Veterinary Microbiology, 1(1):1-5
Nasreen, K.S, Khan A, Niaz S, and Akhtar N (2016). Serodiagonosis and Haemotological Effect of Anaplasmosis in Goats and Sheep of District Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. World Journal of Zoology, 11(2):67-80
National Population Commission, 2006 PHC Priority Tables.Population.gov.ng. Retrieved 10 October 2017
Noaman, V (2013).Discrimination between A.marginale and A.ovis by PCR-RFLP. World Applied Sciences Journal,21(2):190-195
Opara, M.N, Santali,A, Mohammed, B.R and Jesede, O.C (2016). Prevalence of Haemoparasite of Small Ruminants in Lafia, Nassarawa State: A Guinea Savanna zone of Nigeria. Journal of Veterinary Advance6(6):1251-1257
Sadaf, N, Zia Ur R, Ijaz A, Raquel C, Abdullah D, Alanazi I, JehanZeb N and Adil K. (2020). Parasitology, 1(2): 1-5
Sheferaw, D, Degefu H and Banteyirgu D (2010). Epidemiological study of Small Ruminants Mange mites in three Agro-Ecological zones of Wokyta, Southern Ethiopia. Ethiopian Veterinary Journal, 14(1): 31-38
Stoltsz, A (2004).Ovine and CaprineAnaplasmosis. Journal of Infectious Disease of Livestock,4(1):5-7
Stuen, S (2020).Haemoparasites-challenging and Wasting Infection in Small Ruminants.A Review. Animals,10(2):21-29
Taraba state Government Diary (2018).Taraba official Diary, Government printer Jalingo,
Nigeria Pp 37-42
Thrusfied, M (2007). Veterinary Epidemiology,3rd Edition, Blackwell Ltd. Oxford.www.blackwell publishing.com
Torina, A.J, Vicente A, Along S, Scimrca R, Turla S. Nicosia V. Di marco S, Caracappa and De la Fuente J (2007): Observed Prevalence of Tick-Borne Pathogen in Domestic Animals in Sicily, Italy during 2003-2005. Zoonoses Public Health,5(4):8-15
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 FUDMA Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
